In The Day, In The Past

The Fire at Notre-Dame (Paris): The Cathedral’s History & Hope for its Future

This is quite a late evening post for me but given the current news about the fire that is ravaging the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, I couldn’t help but write. I am heartbroken watching the videos that have been splashed all over social media; the iconic spire cracking and wailing as it falls into the flames, the wooden interior slowly peeling away from its skeleton and falling into the firey pit below and the smoke blackening the Parisian sky, mourning for the demise of the medieval cathedral.

LeLaisserPasserA38, Wikimedia Commons

At the time of writing, the cause is undetermined. Current theories suggest an awfully dark irony: that the reconstruction works attempting to preserve the Cathedral might have accidentally caused the fire. I’m not really sure the causation is the most important factor, it’s the history of the building and the irreplaceable works of art and architecture disappearing into the smoke that devastates me.

In honour and commemoration of the tragic events that are currently unfolding in Paris, I wanted to write a short history of Notre-Dame. Whilst it won’t save the iconic building from burning, it is still important to preserve the intellectual history of the cathedral.

The cornerstone of the cathedral was laid in 1163, witnessed by Pope Alexander III. It was one of a series of buildings that were constructed at the behest of King Louis VII, who wanted to shape the identity of Paris and convey its power. In terms of innovation, the cathedral made use of a rib vault nave to give increased structure more support and a transept was added near the altar in order to let more light flood into the building. The spire, which today has collapsed, was added initially in the 13th century. The structure became damaged and dangerous over the years and was ultimately removed in 1786 and the decision was made to rebuild it in the 19th-century restoration efforts. I can’t help but think that if it’s been rebuilt once, it can be again.

Throughout the centuries since its original construction, Notre-Dame has undergone significant transformations. From complete renovations in style (to the Rayonnant style, which favoured the repetition of motifs in various sizes, best seen on the Rose Windows in the cathedral, see below), to the addition of the flying buttresses (which more evenly distributed the weight of the roof and enabled taller walls and larger windows to be added), the Cathedral has consistently changed in appearance.

Over time, Notre-Dame has witnessed its fair share of destruction. In the 16th century, Huguenots caused substantial damage to some of its statues and during the French Revolution, in the late 18th century, the cathedral was plundered and statues were beheaded because they were believed to be kings of France (they were, in fact, biblical kings). Even as recently as 1944, Notre-Dame suffered minor wounds from gunfire during the liberation of Paris.

Notre-Dame has survived extensive hardship throughout centuries of conflict and the power of the natural elements. Though it is suffering once more, I can only hope that Notre-Dame will, once again, push through and show the resilience it is known for. I really hope that the fire can be stopped before the entire structure is lost – we might lose some of the original structure but I hope we will rebuild and protect the invaluable history that will still remain within her walls.

In The Past

In The Past: Hereford Cathedral and It’s Archives

Towards the end of January, I was lucky enough to have the opportunity to visit the Hereford Cathedral Archives with my University. As I had taken a Medieval Manuscript course in my first semester, the trip was intended to expose us to original and amazing documents that we would have the chance to transcribe (when you attempt to read a document and write it out).

Hereford Cathedral

Founded in 696, Hereford Cathedral has been in active use for hundreds of years, though the current building only dates back to the 11th century.

Hereford Cathedral possesses the only surviving and complete example of a chained library, created in 1611. As the name suggests, the boots in the library are all chained onto the shelves to prevent them from being removed. If a book is required, it is a painstaking process of unlocking the pole that they are bound to and slowly removing each ring until you get the one you want, and then slipping the chains back on. Some of the books are impressively old but, thanks to their new purpose-built, temperature-controlled room, they are protected from decay. It really is a fascinating library to see, if somewhat intimidating in chain-appearance.

The Cathedral is an amazing place to visit. Housing the Mappa Mundi, a world-famous 14th-century Medieval depiction of a map of the world, the Cathedral certainly possesses some fascinating artefacts. This incredible map, drawn directly onto a single calfskin (an expensive choice of material) features Latin labels and is a truly mesmerising thing to behold. If you have the chance to visit the Mappa Mundi, definitely do! There’s an English translation to the left of the map, enabling you to discover exactly where the author, supposedly Richard of Haldingham and Lafford, perceived important features to exist.

Expect dragons, Noah’s Ark, Jerusalem, the Golden Fleece, cannibals, serpents and other mystical, mythological and magical annotations. I could spend all day staring at this map and discovering more weird and wonderful drawings but, alas, I had to get back to the manuscripts!

The Archives

The Cathedral Archives are a thing of beauty to a historian. Boasting exquisite examples of medieval manuscripts in unbelievable condition, the purpose-built archive building is the perfect place to undertake some research. One of the most exciting documents I had the pleasure of working on was a letter signed by Elizabeth I, recommending that a man named John Watkyns be considered for the replacement of the Dean of Hereford Cathedral (whom the Queen believed was soon to die!).

It was amazing to have the chance to examine the features of a 16th-century secretary hand – a type of script used for administrative documents – and transcribe the contents of the letter. Of course, seeing Elizabeth’s signature up close overexcited the Early Modernist in me, so the whole experience was really thrilling!

The Library and Archives are open for use to members of the public, either for private study or use of the collections. Be sure to check out their website here for more information on visiting the impressive collections and definitely give the Cathedral itself an explore if you’re nearby.

In The Day, Life

Christmas Craze: Winchester Christmas Market

IMG_7736.JPGWith Christmas just around the corner, I’ve started a new series, Christmas Craze, to talk about all things Christmassy from recipes and days out to gift ideas. Keep your eyes peeled on this series in the next month for great ideas you can try this Christmas!

So, firstly, I thought I’d talk about the Christmas market in Winchester. Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary, the success of this market is clear so I headed over to check it out myself. My first piece of advice is to not go on a weekend. I went on a Saturday and it was packed and we spent more time queuing than we did actually look around! Of course, as Christmas gets closer the weekdays will be busy too but keep in mind the queues are horrendous.img_7764

The atmosphere is merry. Situated next to the famous Winchester Cathedral the backdrop to the market is beautiful. You can go inside the Cathedral too, for a fee, which is well worth doing. The smell of mulled wine and the sound of distant Christmas music fuse together to force you to relinquish your ‘it’s not Christmas yet’ beliefs and just embrace the spirit.

img_7737There are plenty of stalls. From gingerbread, scarves and decorations to honey, chilli sauce and art, there is a huge variety. Be warned, much of it can be classed as typically reproduced and perhaps not as unique as you might desire. I actually didn’t buy anything except for food (duh) so that might speak volumes as I love a good market. There are homemade goods though and different items that are bound to appeal to various personalities so it is a cute day out.

img_7748What I really want to rave about is the selection of food on offer. I queued for lunch at a French cheese/sausage specialising stall. An incredible baguette with sausage drowned in raclette cheese had my name on it and I was not disappointed at all. Definitely worth the wait! I also bought a cup of churros- Spanish doughnuts- which were nice but underwhelming in comparison to ones I’ve devoured elsewhere.

Winchester is a lovely place to visit, regardless of the market. I think if you want to feel festive and jolly it is a nice market to visit but the queues made it slightly unbearable and the lack of completely homemade goods was disappointing.